🔬 What moves in the rod?
Only electrons move. Lorentz force F = qv×B drags free electrons toward one end.
Positive ions are fixed in the crystal lattice. They never move.
The rod IS the EMF source. Charge separation creates a potential difference — no battery needed.
Parameters
Magnetic Field B
0.50 T
Into the page (⊗). Stronger B → larger force on each electron.
Rod Length L
1.00 m
Longer rod → more free electrons experience F → higher EMF.
Initial Velocity v
2.00 m/s
Starting speed of the rod. EMF = BLv at any instant.
Acceleration a
0.00 m/s²
Accelerating rod → v changes → EMF changes continuously! Negative = decelerates.
Initial Direction
Fleming's Right Hand Rule
⚡ Right Hand — Generator
THUMB
Rod motion
→ Right
→ Right
INDEX
Field B
⊗ Into page
⊗ Into page
MIDDLE
Electron drift
↓ Downward
↓ Downward
POLARITY ON ROD:
+
TOP end
electrons left
−
BOTTOM end
e⁻ pile up
Why? Rod moves → right. F on e⁻ = (−e)v×B = ↓ down. Electrons accumulate at bottom(−), leaving top(+).
Live Readings
EMF (signed)
+1.000
Volts (V)
Velocity now
2.000
m/s
Force on e⁻
1.00
∝ evB
Power (R=2Ω)
0.500
Watts